Lilacs are a group of flowering plants that include a diverse collection of woody species usually grown as ornamental additions to lawns and landscapes. Some variations of the lilac, like the Meyer lilac (Syringa meyeri), are best suited for growing in rows to form hedges, while others have a distinct shape. For example, the Hers lilac (Syringa julianae var. Hers) grows as a short weeping tree with a width about twice its height.
Classification and History
More than 20 species of lilacs (genus Syringa) are recognized by botanical authorities. However, many ornamental lilac breeds cultivated by gardeners are bred from the common lilac (Syringa vulgaris). Lilacs are native to sections of Europe and Asia but were brought to North America by colonists during the 17th century. Botanists breed particular strains, called cultivars, of lilac species to create varieties with enhanced flower color or disease resistance.
Climate and Environment
Lilacs thrive in cool climates and are well suited for southern Canadian provinces and some colder areas of the U.S., including the Dakotas, Montana and New England. They require well-drained soil with plenty of exposure to sunlight --- ideally six hours or more. The buds and other new growth of lilac plants are vulnerable to wind damage, so they should be planted in a semisheltered area. These plants can grow in neutral to alkaline soil with a maximum pH level around 8.5.
Characteristics
Normal lilac breeds are between 10 and 30 feet tall, but dwarf lilacs can be as short as 4 or 5 feet. Lilac plants produce folded, spear-shaped leaves that grow as pairs on opposite sides of stems. Lilacs produce large clusters of flowers, each of which contains dozens of small blossoms.
Flowers
Lilac flowers can be a large range of colors, including white, pink, red and purple --- the flowers are mono- or multicolored depending on the breed. Lilac blossoms reach their peak fragrance production right after they finish forming in late spring or early summer. Flower clusters remain on the plant for three to six weeks before decaying and falling to the ground.
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